SPFM (>99%), LFM (>90%), and PMHF (<10 FIT): Calculating Hardware Metrics for ASIL-D
Mathematical methodology for calculating ISO 26262 Part 5 probabilistic hardware safety metrics across complex microcontroller circuitry.
ISO 26262 ASIL-D Functional Safety & Fail-Operational Control Units
Engineering fail-operational automotive control units conforming to ISO 26262 ASIL-D, featuring dual-core lockstep microcontrollers, external watchdog supervisory circuits, and certified safety cases.
Engineering Specifications
Hardware Lockstep Core Execution: Redundant Arithmetic Units, Comparator Logic & Delay Staggering
Protecting execution against transient silicon bit-flips (single-event upsets) using cycle-by-cycle dual-core lockstep hardware comparison.
Fail-Operational Redundancy: Seamless Primary-to-Secondary Controller Handover under 5ms
Designing steer-by-wire and brake-by-wire architectures that remain fully functional even after an unexpected catastrophic controller fault.
Automotive Engineering Research Whitepapers
Developing Microcontrollers as Safety Elements Out of Context (SEooC) per ISO 26262-10
By Dr. Klaus von Berg, Principal Safety Assessor • September 2026
Navigating the assumptions of use, safety manuals, and FMEDA distributions when integrating merchant silicon into ASIL-D vehicle applications.
External Watchdog Microcontrollers, Windowed Watchdogs & Cyclic Plausibility Cross-Checks
By Automotive Systems Consortium • September 2026
Preventing software runaway conditions using intelligent, challenge-response windowed watchdog coprocessors.